# 失眠、不宁腿与量表：研究到底说了什么

失眠、不宁腿以及测量它们的验证量表，还有指南真正推荐的一线做法。



## 全部研究

- **European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia** — Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, et al. (2017), Journal of Sleep Research 26(6):675–700. CBT-I 是一线治疗；催眠药物仅限短期使用。

- **Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians** — Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD (2016), Annals of Internal Medicine 165(2):125–133. 强推荐：所有慢性失眠的成年人都应把 CBT-I 作为初始治疗。

- **Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria** — Allen RP, Picchietti DL, Garcia-Borreguero D, et al. (2014), Sleep Medicine 15(8):860–873. 不宁腿筛查所用的四条必要标准，以及「不能仅由其他疾病解释」这一条件。

- **Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research** — Bastien CH, Vallières A, Morin CM (2001), Sleep Medicine 2(4):297–307. 7 题的 ISI；≥ 15 分提示临床失眠。

- **Horne & Östberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: a reduced scale** — Adan A, Almirall H (1991), Personality and Individual Differences 12(3):241–253. Check 标签页使用的 5 题 rMEQ 时型量表。

- **A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale** — Johns MW (1991), Sleep 14(6):540–545. 8 题的 Epworth 量表；≥ 11 分提示白天过度嗜睡。

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这是对已发表研究的科普性总结，不构成医疗建议。筛查得分不是诊断。若得分偏高或身体不适，请咨询医生。

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