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Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study
Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AG · Lancet 365(9464):1046–1053 · 2005
Key finding
Untreated severe OSA tripled fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events over ~10 years; CPAP normalised the risk.
Citation
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Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea~936 million adults aged 30–69 have OSA worldwide; ~425 million moderate-to-severe.Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in…~82% of men and ~93% of women with moderate-to-severe apnea were undiagnosed — the numbers Galpin quotes.Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adultsPrevalence in US adults 30–70: ~26% of men and ~9–17% of women; rising with obesity.STOP questionnaireOrigin of the STOP-Bang screen; ≥3 'yes' answers = high sensitivity for moderate-severe OSA.Relationship between overnight rostral fluid shift and obstructive sleep apnea…Fluid moving from the legs to the neck when lying down narrows the airway — apnea without obesity (Galpin's tipped-glass analogy).
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